16.1Odvodzovanie príponami
Na odvodzovanie podstatných mien sa používajú tieto prípony:
| -age | pack - package, bag - baggage, post - postage, mile - milage |
| -al | arrive - arrival, approve - approval, deny - denial, dispose - disposal |
| -ance | accord - accordance, comply - compliance, defy - defiance |
| -ancy | occupy - occupancy, inhabit - inhabitancy |
| -(at)ion | inhabit - inhabitation, solve - solution |
| -cy | dormant - dormancy, clement - clemency, fluent - fluency |
| -dom | king - kingdom, free - freedom, bore - boredom |
| -er | drive - driver, love - lover, cast - caster, speak - speaker, race - racer |
| -(e)ry | brew - brewery, slave - slavery, gun - gunnery |
| -ence | prudent - prudence, intelligent - intelligence, interfere - interference |
| -ency | emerge - emergency, lenient - leniency, constant - constancy |
| -hood | brother - brotherhood, child - childhood, neighbour - neighbourhood |
| -ing | read - reading, speak - speaking, cast - casting, blow - blowing |
| -ism | terror - terrorism, social - socialism, race - racism |
| -ity | audible - audibility, possible - possibility, real - reality |
| -ment | ship - shipment, deploy - deployment, case - casement, impede - impediment |
| -ness | friendly - friendliness, bitter - bitterness, bad - badness, good - goodness, painful - painfulness |
| -sion | delude - delusion, seclude - seclusion |
| -ship | friend - friendship, court - courtship, member - membership, champion - championship |
| -ure | fail - failure, close - closure, depart - departure, rapt - rapture |
Na odvodzovanie prídavných mien od slovies možno použiť prípony:
| -able | break - breakable, deny - deniable, solve - solvable, speak - speakable |
| -y | shake - shaky, whip - whippy, chew - chewy, wobble - wobbly |
| -ful | hope - hopeful, forget - forgetful, hate - hateful |
| -ive | delude - delusive, prevent - preventive, assert - assertive |
Na odvodzovanie prídavných mien od podstatných mien sa môžu použiť prípony:
| -(u)al | culture - cultural, passion - passional, sense - sensual, sex - sexual, rite - ritual |
| -(i)an | Asia - Asian, Russia - Russian, Hungary - Hungarian |
| -ed | flower - flowered, plate - plated, hair - haired, talent - talented |
| -en | wood - wooden, wool - woollen |
| -ful | dostatočné množstvo: |
| | shame - shameful, fear - fearful, care - careful, trust - trustful |
| -(a)ic | prose - prosaic, demon - demonic, hero - heroic |
| -ical | economy - economical, type - typical, history - historical |
| -ish | fool - foolish, child - childish, mode - modish, Pole - Polish |
| -less | absencia: |
| | hope - hopeless, head - headless, mind - mindless, end - endless |
| -like | podobnosť: |
| | dream - dreamlike, leaf - leaflike, man - manlike |
| -ly | man - manly, beast - beastly, ghost - ghostly, friend - friendly |
| -(i)ous | glory - glorious, rebel - rebellious, glamour - glamorous |
| -proof | odolnosť voči konkrétnemu javu: |
| | rustproof, waterproof, soundproof, bulletproof |
| -some | awe - awesome, tire - tiresome, fear - fearsome |
| -y | relatívne veľký obsah alebo výskyt: |
| | water - watery, mist - misty, grease - greasy |
Na odvodzovanie prídavných mien od prídavných mien možno použiť prípony:
| -ish | čiastočná vlastnosť: |
| | grey - greyish, brown - brownish, old - oldish |
| -some | weary - wearisome, lone - lonesome |
| -ward | west - westward |
Prípony na utváranie slovies sú:
| -en | zmena stavu: |
| | dark - darken, sad - sadden, weak - weaken, worse - worsen |
| -ify | pure - purify, prose - prosify, intense - intensify |
| -ize | social - socialize, nation - nationalize, harmony - harmonize, slender - slenderize |
Príslovky možno tvoriť príponami:
| -ly | mad - madly, wild - wildly, strange - strangely |
| -ways | side - sideways, length - lengthways |
| -wise | other - otherwise, length - lengthwise, cross - crosswise |
| -ward(s) | back - backwards, left - leftwards, up - upwards |
Viac o príslovkách nájdete v kap. Príslovky.
