Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    5 I was single when we met.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    7 Who told you that?
    1 She helped me.
    16 He began to worry.
    18 He broke his arm.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    8 I thought so.
    2 We had no money.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    12 I got no message from him.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    14 We had to stay there.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    9 I saw him this morning.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    8 My brother not there.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    1 Where you last night?
    9 There parties every day.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    7 The children very happy.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    8 What did you find? - I this.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.

    Exercise 6

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    8 It, be cold?
    12 Who, give you this?
    7 we, have to wait.
    2 she, call, you?
    10 When, he, call?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    3 the children, be, good?
    6 I, think so.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    11 I, tell him about it.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • b I told them about it.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • g It took about three days.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    11
    12
    8
    6
    10
    5
    1
    7
    3
    4
    9
    2

    Exercise 9

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    3 Bob called me two days .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    8 We met a long time .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    9 How long was it?
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    7 I never go to bed ten.

    Exercise 10

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    5 You'll break it.
    14 I'll let him know.
    13 Who will buy it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    9 Will they send it?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    7 We'll go there together.
    1 She'll be there.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    12 I won't tell him!
    4 I'll send it to you.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    10 Will you go there?
    11 When will she come?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    16 What did you drink? beer
    14 What did you speak about? you
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    12 Did you get my message? no
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    8 Did they agree? no
    3 When did you get up? at six
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    1 How did you go there? by car
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    13 What did he know? nothing
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    1 We left home at seven.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    3 We met at John's place.
    6 We spoke about her.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    7 We had a good time.
    9 We got there by car.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    8 They sent it last week.

    Exercise 13

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    3 Písal som im. write to
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    3 they, sit down
    7 they, send it to me
    1 he, call me.
    12 your mum, not, worry
    11 my parents, not, leave
    5 she, learn it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    2 she, come tomorrow
    10 she, not, lose it
    4 John, stay in bed
    6 he, take care of it
    9 children, not, watch TV

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    6 He kept the money.
    9 I didn't try it.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    7 I thought so.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    10 He took English lessons.
    1 She went there alone.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    5 We spent the night there.

    Exercise 16

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    2 in the 1980s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    7 in 1308
    5 room No. 1068
    3 on May 13, 2011
    6 in the early 1950s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    1 in the year 1898

    Exercise 17

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    3
    2
    4
    1
    5

    Exercise 18

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    6 Kedy volala?
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    3 Neboli doma.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    19 Zabudnime na to.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.