Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    2 We had no money.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    14 We had to stay there.
    16 He began to worry.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    1 She helped me.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    18 He broke his arm.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    12 I got no message from him.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    5 I was single when we met.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    7 Who told you that?
    8 I thought so.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    7 The children very happy.
    6 Their dog with them.
    1 Where you last night?
    9 There parties every day.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!

    Exercise 6

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    8 It, be cold?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    12 Who, give you this?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    10 When, he, call?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    6 I, think so.
    3 the children, be, good?
    2 she, call, you?
    7 we, have to wait.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • g It took about three days.
    • b I told them about it.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    5
    8
    1
    11
    4
    9
    10
    6
    12
    3
    2
    7

    Exercise 9

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    8 We met a long time .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    9 How long was it?
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    7 I never go to bed ten.

    Exercise 10

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    14 I'll let him know.
    11 When will she come?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    13 Who will buy it?
    9 Will they send it?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    1 She'll be there.
    12 I won't tell him!
    5 You'll break it.
    10 Will you go there?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    7 We'll go there together.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    3 They'll speak about us.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    3 When did you get up? at six
    16 What did you drink? beer
    1 How did you go there? by car
    8 Did they agree? no
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    14 What did you speak about? you
    12 Did you get my message? no
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    13 What did he know? nothing
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    8 They sent it last week.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    3 We met at John's place.
    6 We spoke about her.
    7 We had a good time.
    9 We got there by car.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    1 We left home at seven.

    Exercise 13

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    3 Písal som im. write to
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    12 Videl som ju včera. see

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    9 children, not, watch TV
    2 she, come tomorrow
    8 your father, not, sleep
    4 John, stay in bed
    11 my parents, not, leave
    10 she, not, lose it
    3 they, sit down
    7 they, send it to me
    6 he, take care of it
    1 he, call me.
    12 your mum, not, worry
    5 she, learn it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    11 They didn't have to wait.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    7 I thought so.
    10 He took English lessons.
    1 She went there alone.
    6 He kept the money.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    9 I didn't try it.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    5 We spent the night there.

    Exercise 16

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    7 in 1308
    1 in the year 1898
    3 on May 13, 2011
    5 room No. 1068
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s
    2 in the 1980s
    4 phone No. 678850777

    Exercise 17

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    2
    3
    1
    4
    5

    Exercise 18

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    4 Kto tam išiel?
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    6 Kedy volala?
    3 Neboli doma.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.