Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Preložte do slovenčiny.

    1 What are you watching?
    2 Take a look at this!
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    8 We met several times.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    10 What time does your plane land?
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    20 It feels great!

    Feel je cítiť alebo cítiť sa, ale možno ho použiť aj keď opisujeme, aký pocit niečo vyvoláva. Napr. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Chladí to.

    Exercise 2

    • Odpovedzte celou vetou kladne a potom záporne.

    1 Are you hungry?
    2 Does he know?
    3 Can they help us?
    4 Have you got any money?
    5 Is she coming too?
    6 Will you be there?
    7 Do they agree?
    8 Should I tell her?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    10 Am I right?

    Right znamená správny či správne. Možno ho ale tiež použiť v uisťovacích otázkach. Napr. Is that right? - Je to tak? či iba Right? - Že (áno)?

    Exercise 3

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    1 I'm watching the news.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    11 He's got no children.
    12 It's going to take a week.

    Exercise 4

    • Napíšte po anglicky celými slovami číselné údaje.

    1 on May 1st and 26th
    2 He was 52nd.
    3 246 people
    4 3,500
    5 4.6,000,000
    6 0.05 seconds
    7 35,785
    8 9,756,004
    9 in the year 2015
    10 in the 1980s
    11 bus number 102
    12 phone number 670098883
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII

    V písanej angličtine (hl. v novinách ap.) môžete často v kontexte súm a hodnôt naraziť na skratky K či k pre tisíce (z anglického kilo) a M či m pre milióny million. Napr. They spent $2.5M - “Utratili 2,5 milióna dolárov.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolárov.” Podobne sa používa aj skratka B či bn pre miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovedzte celou vetou podľa pomôcok.

    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    7 What did they want? more money
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    13 When did you see him? last week
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car

    Sloveso hire možno v britskej angličtine použiť aj na človeka a vec. V americkej angličtine sa ale hire užíva len na pracovníkov. Na prenájom vecí (požičiavanie za peniaze) sa v USA užíva rent. Napr.: We rented a car. - Požičali sme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Tvorte vety opačného významu.

    1 He speaks English.
    2 She should tell them.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    6 There's too much water.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    8 There were more people.
    9 They could help us.
    10 We'll be able to come.

    Exercise 7

    • Tvorte oznamovacie vety v prítomnom, budúcom a jednoduchom minulom čase.

    1 he, speak about it
    2 my parents, know
    3 she, send us, messages
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    5 I, give him, the money
    6 she, sit between us
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    8 our dog, not eat that
    9 he, not like the food
    10 the car, be, not expensive

    Exercise 8

    • Povedzte po anglicky. Využite pomôcky.

    1 To znie dobre!
    sound
    2 Poďme ku mne (domov)!
    my place
    3 Nech mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    4 Vyzerá to zaujímavo.
    look
    5 Nehovor mu o tom!
    tell
    6 Požiadaj ju, nech príde.
    ask, come
    7 To bude omnoho lepšie.
    better
    8 Nehádajme sa!
    let, argue
    9 Pekne to vonia.
    smell
    10 To je ale škoda!
    pity

    Exercise 9

    • Upravte vety do času jednoduchého prítomného a jednoduchého minulého.

    1 She's feeling good.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    3 It's snowing.
    4 She's making dinner.
    5 School is beginning.
    6 He's coming.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    10 I'm drinking beer.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. alebo 3. stupeň prídavných mien.

    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .

    Pozor na predložku: be good at ... - byť dobrý v... Napr.: He's good at it. - Ide mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vôbec nejde. Slovo even sa používa na zdôraznenie ako slovenské ešte alebo dokonca či v zápore ani. Napr. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani sa nerozlúčil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použite gerundium na vytvorenie vety s rovnakým významom.

    1 He likes to play games.
    2 They love to sing.
    3 Music started to play.
    4 He continued to read.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    12 I can remember that he told her.

    Exercise 12

    • Preložte. Sústreďte sa na predložky.

    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    2 You are among friends.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    5 The worst is behind us.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    12 Go down this road.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.

    Zaklopať na niečo je síce po anglicky to knock on, napr. He knocked on the door., ale pokiaľ niekto stojí pri dverách a klope, použije sa bežne aj at the door. Fráza to answer the door potom znamená: (ísť) otvoriť (niekomu, kto klope, zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnu predložku.

    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.

    Príkaz: Meet me ... možno preložiť ako Stretneme sa... (tam a tam).

    Užitočná fráza: without somebody's knowing - bez niečieho vedomia. Napr.: He did it without my knowing. - Urobil to bez môjho vedomia.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • j No, he's an only child.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je dlhšia cesta pre zábavu podniknutá hl. autom. Napr.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Obišli sme autom USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správne slovo.

    1 How many/much will it cost?
    2 He doesn't eat many/much meat.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    19 How many/much beers did you have?

    Látkové podstatné mená ako tea, coffee, beer ap., sú síce všeobecne nepočítateľné, ale ak hovoríme o konkrétnych porciách, druhoch ap., ide už o slovo počítateľné. Takže napr.: You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobne I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Preložte pomocou účelového neurčitku.

    1 Požiadaj ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    2 Povedz jej, nech počká. tell, wait
    3 Volám, aby som ti povedal... call, tell
    4 Aby si mal peniaze, musíš pracovať. work, have money
    5 Som tu, aby som sa s ňou porozprával. speak to
    6 Potrebujem, aby si mi pomohol. need you, help
    7 Povedz im, aby na nás nečakali. tell, wait
    8 Chcem, aby si to urobil hneď. want you, do, right now
    9 Učím sa po anglicky, aby som rozumel cudzincom. learn, understand, foreigner
    10 Musíme sa poponáhľať, aby sme tam boli včas. hurry, in time
    11 Zavolám bratovi, aby ma odviezol na letisko. call, take, to the airport
    12 Beriem si taxík, aby som neprišiel neskoro. take, taxi, be late
    13 Žiadala ma, aby som jej dal ďalšiu šancu. ask, give, chance

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Stretli sa náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.

    Nezamieňajte anglické feel (cítiť - dotykom, mať pocit) a smell (cítiť čuchom)! Napr.: Can you smell it? - “Cítiš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtine všeobecne neutrálne (znamená byť cítiť čím) napr. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítiť benzínom.”, smell good/nice je voňať a smell bad je páchnuť, smrdieť. V niektorých prípadoch však má už samotné smell negatívny kontext. Napr.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdia ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!

    Agree with... je súhlasiť s..., ale spojenie: agree on ... alebo tiež agree to (do) ... znamená skôr dohodnúť sa na... (niečom). Agreed! əˈgriːd je po slovensky Platí!, Dohodnuté! či Súhlasím!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu tvary slovesa do alebo make.

    1 You are a big mistake!
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    4 You should your homework now.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    6 Do you any sports?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    8 How much money does he ?
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    14 He it to her happy.
    15 Stop fun of me!

    Všimnite si, ako sa anglické sloveso do spája s podstatnými menami končiacimi na -ing (často gerundiom). Vzniká tak veľa užitočných ustálených spojení ako napr. do the washing up - umyť riad, do the cleaning - upratať, Let me do the talking. - Nechaj hovoriť mňa., I did a lot of thinking. - Veľa som premýšľal. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Povedzte po anglicky. Použite gerundium, kde je to možné.

    1 Rád pozeráš televíziu? watch TV
    2 Radšej cestujem vlakom. prefer, travel by train
    3 Je to lepšie než sedieť doma. sit at home
    4 Skúšaj to ďalej! keep, try
    5 Ona mi stále volá. keep, call, all the time
    6 Kedy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    7 Vieš si predstaviť, že by si tu zostal? imagine, stay
    8 Mrzí ma, že som to povedal. be sorry for, say that
    9 Nezmienil sa, že pôjde do Londýna. mention, go to London
    10 Chýba mi život na vidieku. miss, live in the country

    Sloveso miss možno po slovensky preložiť ako chýbať, treba ale dávať pozor na obrátenie podmetu a predmetu! Napr.: I miss you. - Chýbaš mi., He misses his friends. - Chýbajú mu jeho priatelia., I'm missing two books. - Chýbajú mi dve knihy. Pozor! Podstatné meno Miss je po slovensky slečna (pred menom ap.).

    Exercise 22

    • Vyberte správne slovo podľa výkladu.

    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced

    Exercise 23

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu other, another alebo else.

    1 Why do you need car?
    2 What do people think?
    3 What will you need?
    4 What things do you like?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    6 We will find some place.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    8 I'll come time.
    9 Nobody knows that.
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.

    Koncovka -er sa používa aj na tvorenie názvov obyvateľov istého mesta či miesta. Napr.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýnčan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (dedina) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (dedinčan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nemožno ju však takto použiť vždy! Napr. Parížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Riman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 24

    • Preložte.

    1 Kde si včera bol?
    2 Mohli by ste mi pomôcť?
    3 Chodí do práce autom.
    4 Prečo si mi to neposlal?
    5 Mal som veľa práce.
    6 Ideš s nami?
    7 Mal by si jej zavolať.
    8 Kto ti to povedal?
    9 Vyzerá to dobre.
    10 Koľko to stojí?
    11 Nepotrebujem to.
    12 Idem nakupovať.
    13 John tam chodí každý deň.
    14 Nesmie o tom vedieť.
    15 Prídem o pol šiestej.
    16 Strávili sme týždeň pri mori.
    17 Museli sme čakať.
    18 Nemohol som to nájsť.
    19 Nebudem môcť prísť.
    20 Prezreli sme si pamiatky.

    Slovo sightseeing je zloženinou slov sights (pamiatky, pamätihodnosti) a seeing (videnie, pozeranie), teda “prezeranie pamiatok”. Places to visit sú miesta, ktoré sa oplatí navštíviť.