Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    12 I got no message from him.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    2 We had no money.
    16 He began to worry.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    7 Who told you that?
    14 We had to stay there.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    1 She helped me.
    8 I thought so.
    18 He broke his arm.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    5 I was single when we met.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    17 I found it in my pocket.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    9 There parties every day.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    8 My brother not there.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    1 Where you last night?
    4 you there too? No, I not.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.

    Exercise 6

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    10 When, he, call?
    6 I, think so.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    2 she, call, you?
    8 It, be cold?
    7 we, have to wait.
    3 the children, be, good?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    12 Who, give you this?
    5 who, bring, the books?

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • g It took about three days.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • b I told them about it.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    2
    8
    3
    12
    5
    10
    1
    11
    6
    7
    9
    4

    Exercise 9

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    9 How long was it?
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    8 We met a long time .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.

    Exercise 10

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    4 I'll send it to you.
    5 You'll break it.
    9 Will they send it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    11 When will she come?
    13 Who will buy it?
    10 Will you go there?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    14 I'll let him know.
    12 I won't tell him!
    2 Bob will come alone.
    7 We'll go there together.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    1 She'll be there.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    8 Did they agree? no
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    1 How did you go there? by car
    3 When did you get up? at six
    16 What did you drink? beer
    13 What did he know? nothing
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    14 What did you speak about? you
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    12 Did you get my message? no
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    6 We spoke about her.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    3 We met at John's place.
    8 They sent it last week.
    9 We got there by car.
    1 We left home at seven.
    7 We had a good time.

    Exercise 13

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    3 Písal som im. write to

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    11 my parents, not, leave
    3 they, sit down
    6 he, take care of it
    5 she, learn it
    4 John, stay in bed
    7 they, send it to me
    9 children, not, watch TV
    2 she, come tomorrow
    8 your father, not, sleep
    12 your mum, not, worry
    10 she, not, lose it
    1 he, call me.

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    7 I thought so.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    9 I didn't try it.
    10 He took English lessons.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    5 We spent the night there.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    1 She went there alone.
    6 He kept the money.

    Exercise 16

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    5 room No. 1068
    7 in 1308
    2 in the 1980s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    1 in the year 1898

    Exercise 17

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    2
    4
    1
    5
    3

    Exercise 18

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    1 Poďme peši. walk
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    3 Neboli doma.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    6 Kedy volala?
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.