Exercises

Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

8 I thought so.
6 I spoke with him yesterday.
14 We had to stay there.
3 Jane was here an hour ago.
2 We had no money.
5 I was single when we met.
4 Nobody knew about it.
10 We went dancing last night.
9 I saw him this morning.
16 He began to worry.
15 I wasn't able to find it.
11 She left a few minutes ago.
1 She helped me.
18 He broke his arm.
13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
17 I found it in my pocket.
7 Who told you that?
12 I got no message from him.

Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

10 Me and my sister afraid.
9 There parties every day.
1 Where you last night?
7 The children very happy.
8 My brother not there.
2 I at work and they at home.
6 Their dog with them.
5 Our parents not at home.
3 There no money and she angry.
4 you there too? No, I not.

Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

  • 1 She knew about it.
  • 2 Where were you born?
  • 3 We spoke about you.
  • 4 I gave him some money.
  • 5 He bought a car.
  • 6 We spent two days there.
  • 7 I made a mistake.
  • 8 I wasn't at home.
  • e Urobil som chybu.
  • g Kde si sa narodil?
  • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
  • f Kúpil si auto.
  • d Nebol som doma.
  • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
  • h Vedela o tom.
  • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.

Vyberte vhodné slovo.

2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.

Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
14 What did they drink? - They beer.
16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
8 What did you find? - I this.
17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.

Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

7 we, have to wait.
1 We, go there, yesterday.
2 she, call, you?
12 Who, give you this?
14 she, lose, the money.
10 When, he, call?
3 the children, be, good?
5 who, bring, the books?
11 I, tell him about it.
8 It, be cold?
13 I, cannot, get up.
4 he, buy, her flowers.
9 She, leave, a minute ago.
6 I, think so.

Spojte súvisiace výroky.

  • 1 Did he help you?
  • 2 How was your day?
  • 3 How much did you give her?
  • 4 Did you sleep well?
  • 5 Were his friends there too?
  • 6 Did you call her?
  • 7 How did they know?
  • 8 How long did it take?
  • a I gave her a hundred euros.
  • h No, I sent her a message.
  • d No, he had no time.
  • c No, they couldn't come.
  • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
  • e Not bad. And yours?
  • b I told them about it.
  • g It took about three days.

Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

3
12
8
4
9
5
11
1
2
6
7
10

Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
7 I never go to bed ten.
6 I saw him two days his departure.
4 He arrived a few minutes me.
10 I'll be back midnight.
8 We met a long time .
5 We visited the city three years .
2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
3 Bob called me two days .
9 How long was it?

Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

14 I'll let him know.
7 We'll go there together.
1 She'll be there.
10 Will you go there?
5 You'll break it.
3 They'll speak about us.
11 When will she come?
9 Will they send it?
12 I won't tell him!
2 Bob will come alone.
13 Who will buy it?
6 Jane will make dinner.
4 I'll send it to you.
8 He'll give it to her.

Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

15 What did he tell you? nothing
7 Did anybody call? nobody
14 What did you speak about? you
4 Who did you send it to? Bob
5 What did you buy? bananas
13 What did he know? nothing
2 When did he leave? an hour ago
16 What did you drink? beer
6 Where did you meet? on the bus
1 How did you go there? by car
9 How long did it take? 1 hour
3 When did you get up? at six
12 Did you get my message? no
10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
11 Did he make any mistakes? many
8 Did they agree? no

Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

8 They sent it last week.
3 We met at John's place.
6 We spoke about her.
10 We stayed in a hotel.
7 We had a good time.
1 We left home at seven.
4 John bought the drinks.
9 We got there by car.
2 Jane went there alone.
5 I spent the weekend at home.

Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
4 Počul som o tom. hear
1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
3 Písal som im. write to
7 Musela odísť. have to leave
11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
12 Videl som ju včera. see
6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced

What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

12 your mum, not, worry
11 my parents, not, leave
3 they, sit down
1 he, call me.
5 she, learn it
9 children, not, watch TV
8 your father, not, sleep
2 she, come tomorrow
4 John, stay in bed
6 he, take care of it
10 she, not, lose it
7 they, send it to me

Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

11 They didn't have to wait.
8 We didn't go there by car.
4 They didn't sleep together.
2 They didn't bring any money.
9 I didn't try it.
10 He took English lessons.
7 I thought so.
5 We spent the night there.
6 He kept the money.
12 I saw her yesterday.
3 I wasn't able to do that.
1 She went there alone.

Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

1 in the year 1898
5 room No. 1068
4 phone No. 678850777
3 on May 13, 2011
7 in 1308
8 from 1917 to 2016
2 in the 1980s
6 in the early 1950s

Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

5
3
2
4
1

Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
1 Poďme peši. walk
4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
7 Nehádajme sa! argue
9 Nemyslime na to! think about
8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place

Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...

Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

Povedzte po anglicky.

15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
4 Kto tam išiel?
20 Nehovorme o tom!
19 Zabudnime na to.
7 Odišla pred minútou.
6 Kedy volala?
8 Čo si robil včera večer?
2 Boli ste tam tiež?
1 Bol som tam včera.
13 Stretol som ho včera.
9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
5 Išiel tam sám?
11 Poslala mi správu.
18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
12 Dostal som od neho správu.
14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
3 Neboli doma.
10 Urobil si chybu.

Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.