Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    14 We had to stay there.
    1 She helped me.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    7 Who told you that?
    5 I was single when we met.
    2 We had no money.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    18 He broke his arm.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    16 He began to worry.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    8 I thought so.
    12 I got no message from him.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    5 Our parents not at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    6 Their dog with them.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    7 The children very happy.
    1 Where you last night?
    9 There parties every day.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    2 I at work and they at home.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.

    Exercise 6

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    12 Who, give you this?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    10 When, he, call?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    2 she, call, you?
    8 It, be cold?
    3 the children, be, good?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    6 I, think so.
    7 we, have to wait.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    14 she, lose, the money.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • b I told them about it.
    • g It took about three days.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    7
    1
    12
    4
    10
    2
    3
    5
    9
    8
    6
    11

    Exercise 9

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    9 How long was it?
    8 We met a long time .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    5 We visited the city three years .

    Exercise 10

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    8 He'll give it to her.
    10 Will you go there?
    12 I won't tell him!
    5 You'll break it.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    11 When will she come?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    9 Will they send it?
    14 I'll let him know.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    7 We'll go there together.
    13 Who will buy it?
    1 She'll be there.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    13 What did he know? nothing
    12 Did you get my message? no
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    3 When did you get up? at six
    8 Did they agree? no
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    16 What did you drink? beer
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    1 How did you go there? by car
    14 What did you speak about? you

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    7 We had a good time.
    1 We left home at seven.
    9 We got there by car.
    3 We met at John's place.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    8 They sent it last week.
    6 We spoke about her.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.

    Exercise 13

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    3 Písal som im. write to
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    7 they, send it to me
    9 children, not, watch TV
    10 she, not, lose it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    8 your father, not, sleep
    4 John, stay in bed
    11 my parents, not, leave
    2 she, come tomorrow
    6 he, take care of it
    5 she, learn it
    3 they, sit down
    1 he, call me.

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    10 He took English lessons.
    6 He kept the money.
    7 I thought so.
    5 We spent the night there.
    1 She went there alone.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    9 I didn't try it.
    2 They didn't bring any money.

    Exercise 16

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    5 room No. 1068
    2 in the 1980s
    7 in 1308
    1 in the year 1898
    4 phone No. 678850777
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s
    3 on May 13, 2011

    Exercise 17

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    3
    1
    5
    4
    2

    Exercise 18

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    6 Kedy volala?
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    3 Neboli doma.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.