Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    16 He began to worry.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    18 He broke his arm.
    8 I thought so.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    2 We had no money.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    7 Who told you that?
    1 She helped me.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    12 I got no message from him.
    14 We had to stay there.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    5 I was single when we met.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    9 There parties every day.
    1 Where you last night?
    8 My brother not there.
    6 Their dog with them.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    4 you there too? No, I not.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • h Vedela o tom.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.

    Exercise 6

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    5 who, bring, the books?
    8 It, be cold?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    7 we, have to wait.
    2 she, call, you?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    3 the children, be, good?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    12 Who, give you this?
    6 I, think so.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    10 When, he, call?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • b I told them about it.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • g It took about three days.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    11
    1
    10
    6
    7
    9
    12
    2
    5
    3
    4
    8

    Exercise 9

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    7 I never go to bed ten.
    9 How long was it?
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    8 We met a long time .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    10 I'll be back midnight.

    Exercise 10

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    14 I'll let him know.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    13 Who will buy it?
    12 I won't tell him!
    11 When will she come?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    7 We'll go there together.
    5 You'll break it.
    9 Will they send it?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    1 She'll be there.
    10 Will you go there?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    5 What did you buy? bananas
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    8 Did they agree? no
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    13 What did he know? nothing
    16 What did you drink? beer
    12 Did you get my message? no
    14 What did you speak about? you
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    1 How did you go there? by car
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    3 When did you get up? at six

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    4 John bought the drinks.
    9 We got there by car.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    3 We met at John's place.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    1 We left home at seven.
    6 We spoke about her.
    7 We had a good time.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    8 They sent it last week.

    Exercise 13

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    3 Písal som im. write to
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    11 my parents, not, leave
    5 she, learn it
    1 he, call me.
    3 they, sit down
    12 your mum, not, worry
    7 they, send it to me
    4 John, stay in bed
    8 your father, not, sleep
    9 children, not, watch TV
    6 he, take care of it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    10 she, not, lose it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    6 He kept the money.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    5 We spent the night there.
    10 He took English lessons.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    7 I thought so.
    9 I didn't try it.
    1 She went there alone.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    12 I saw her yesterday.

    Exercise 16

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    7 in 1308
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    1 in the year 1898
    5 room No. 1068
    4 phone No. 678850777
    2 in the 1980s

    Exercise 17

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    5
    4
    3
    1
    2

    Exercise 18

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    11 Poslala mi správu.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    6 Kedy volala?
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    3 Neboli doma.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.