Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    5 I was single when we met.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    16 He began to worry.
    7 Who told you that?
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    14 We had to stay there.
    2 We had no money.
    1 She helped me.
    8 I thought so.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    12 I got no message from him.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    18 He broke his arm.
    17 I found it in my pocket.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    8 My brother not there.
    9 There parties every day.
    7 The children very happy.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    1 Where you last night?
    6 Their dog with them.
    5 Our parents not at home.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • d Nebol som doma.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.

    Exercise 6

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    2 she, call, you?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    7 we, have to wait.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    8 It, be cold?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    10 When, he, call?
    12 Who, give you this?
    3 the children, be, good?
    6 I, think so.
    13 I, cannot, get up.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • b I told them about it.
    • g It took about three days.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    3
    6
    1
    8
    12
    2
    10
    7
    11
    4
    5
    9

    Exercise 9

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    9 How long was it?
    8 We met a long time .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.

    Exercise 10

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    2 Bob will come alone.
    12 I won't tell him!
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    7 We'll go there together.
    1 She'll be there.
    9 Will they send it?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    14 I'll let him know.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    10 Will you go there?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    13 Who will buy it?
    5 You'll break it.
    11 When will she come?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    12 Did you get my message? no
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    14 What did you speak about? you
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    8 Did they agree? no
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    13 What did he know? nothing
    3 When did you get up? at six
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    1 How did you go there? by car
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    16 What did you drink? beer

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    3 We met at John's place.
    8 They sent it last week.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    1 We left home at seven.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    7 We had a good time.
    9 We got there by car.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    6 We spoke about her.

    Exercise 13

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    3 Písal som im. write to

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    6 he, take care of it
    10 she, not, lose it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    5 she, learn it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    1 he, call me.
    2 she, come tomorrow
    8 your father, not, sleep
    3 they, sit down
    7 they, send it to me
    11 my parents, not, leave
    4 John, stay in bed

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    5 We spent the night there.
    10 He took English lessons.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    7 I thought so.
    6 He kept the money.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    9 I didn't try it.
    1 She went there alone.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.

    Exercise 16

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    3 on May 13, 2011
    2 in the 1980s
    7 in 1308
    1 in the year 1898
    5 room No. 1068
    6 in the early 1950s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    4 phone No. 678850777

    Exercise 17

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    2
    5
    3
    4
    1

    Exercise 18

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    6 Kedy volala?
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    3 Neboli doma.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.