Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    12 I got no message from him.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    14 We had to stay there.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    5 I was single when we met.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    18 He broke his arm.
    1 She helped me.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    2 We had no money.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    7 Who told you that?
    16 He began to worry.
    8 I thought so.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    1 Where you last night?
    3 There no money and she angry.
    7 The children very happy.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    6 Their dog with them.
    9 There parties every day.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • d Nebol som doma.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.

    Exercise 6

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    5 who, bring, the books?
    10 When, he, call?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    6 I, think so.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    12 Who, give you this?
    8 It, be cold?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    2 she, call, you?
    3 the children, be, good?
    7 we, have to wait.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • g It took about three days.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • b I told them about it.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    3
    2
    1
    11
    10
    12
    6
    9
    7
    4
    8
    5

    Exercise 9

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    10 I'll be back midnight.
    9 How long was it?
    3 Bob called me two days .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    8 We met a long time .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.

    Exercise 10

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    7 We'll go there together.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    11 When will she come?
    5 You'll break it.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    9 Will they send it?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    10 Will you go there?
    1 She'll be there.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    14 I'll let him know.
    12 I won't tell him!
    13 Who will buy it?
    8 He'll give it to her.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    8 Did they agree? no
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    16 What did you drink? beer
    1 How did you go there? by car
    3 When did you get up? at six
    14 What did you speak about? you
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    13 What did he know? nothing
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    12 Did you get my message? no

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    7 We had a good time.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    8 They sent it last week.
    3 We met at John's place.
    9 We got there by car.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    6 We spoke about her.
    1 We left home at seven.

    Exercise 13

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    3 Písal som im. write to

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    11 my parents, not, leave
    6 he, take care of it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    2 she, come tomorrow
    5 she, learn it
    4 John, stay in bed
    12 your mum, not, worry
    3 they, sit down
    1 he, call me.
    7 they, send it to me
    10 she, not, lose it
    8 your father, not, sleep

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    9 I didn't try it.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    6 He kept the money.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    1 She went there alone.
    5 We spent the night there.
    10 He took English lessons.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    7 I thought so.
    12 I saw her yesterday.

    Exercise 16

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    3 on May 13, 2011
    5 room No. 1068
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    1 in the year 1898
    2 in the 1980s
    7 in 1308

    Exercise 17

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    1
    5
    3
    4
    2

    Exercise 18

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    3 Neboli doma.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    6 Kedy volala?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.