Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    18 He broke his arm.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    12 I got no message from him.
    5 I was single when we met.
    14 We had to stay there.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    16 He began to worry.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    7 Who told you that?
    1 She helped me.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    8 I thought so.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    2 We had no money.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    17 I found it in my pocket.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    1 Where you last night?
    3 There no money and she angry.
    7 The children very happy.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    6 Their dog with them.
    9 There parties every day.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • h Vedela o tom.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.

    Exercise 6

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    3 the children, be, good?
    2 she, call, you?
    12 Who, give you this?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    10 When, he, call?
    7 we, have to wait.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    8 It, be cold?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    6 I, think so.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • g It took about three days.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • b I told them about it.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • e Not bad. And yours?

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    11
    9
    1
    2
    8
    5
    6
    12
    10
    4
    7
    3

    Exercise 9

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    9 How long was it?
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    8 We met a long time .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.

    Exercise 10

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    8 He'll give it to her.
    14 I'll let him know.
    13 Who will buy it?
    9 Will they send it?
    5 You'll break it.
    12 I won't tell him!
    1 She'll be there.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    11 When will she come?
    10 Will you go there?
    7 We'll go there together.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    13 What did he know? nothing
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    14 What did you speak about? you
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    3 When did you get up? at six
    1 How did you go there? by car
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    16 What did you drink? beer
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    12 Did you get my message? no
    8 Did they agree? no

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    7 We had a good time.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    8 They sent it last week.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    3 We met at John's place.
    9 We got there by car.
    6 We spoke about her.
    1 We left home at seven.
    4 John bought the drinks.

    Exercise 13

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    3 Písal som im. write to
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    6 he, take care of it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    9 children, not, watch TV
    12 your mum, not, worry
    4 John, stay in bed
    10 she, not, lose it
    5 she, learn it
    1 he, call me.
    8 your father, not, sleep
    3 they, sit down
    11 my parents, not, leave
    7 they, send it to me

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    2 They didn't bring any money.
    9 I didn't try it.
    7 I thought so.
    1 She went there alone.
    10 He took English lessons.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    6 He kept the money.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    5 We spent the night there.
    4 They didn't sleep together.

    Exercise 16

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    8 from 1917 to 2016
    3 on May 13, 2011
    5 room No. 1068
    6 in the early 1950s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    7 in 1308
    1 in the year 1898
    2 in the 1980s

    Exercise 17

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    3
    5
    2
    4
    1

    Exercise 18

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    1 Poďme peši. walk
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    4 Kto tam išiel?
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    6 Kedy volala?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    3 Neboli doma.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    1 Bol som tam včera.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.