Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    8 I thought so.
    1 She helped me.
    12 I got no message from him.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    5 I was single when we met.
    7 Who told you that?
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    18 He broke his arm.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    14 We had to stay there.
    2 We had no money.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    16 He began to worry.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    10 We went dancing last night.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    5 Our parents not at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    1 Where you last night?
    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    9 There parties every day.
    6 Their dog with them.
    3 There no money and she angry.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.

    Exercise 6

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    6 I, think so.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    10 When, he, call?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    7 we, have to wait.
    2 she, call, you?
    8 It, be cold?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    3 the children, be, good?
    12 Who, give you this?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • b I told them about it.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • g It took about three days.
    • h No, I sent her a message.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    6
    11
    3
    10
    8
    5
    9
    1
    2
    12
    4
    7

    Exercise 9

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    9 How long was it?
    8 We met a long time .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    5 We visited the city three years .

    Exercise 10

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    9 Will they send it?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    12 I won't tell him!
    14 I'll let him know.
    11 When will she come?
    5 You'll break it.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    13 Who will buy it?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    7 We'll go there together.
    10 Will you go there?
    1 She'll be there.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    3 When did you get up? at six
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    12 Did you get my message? no
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    1 How did you go there? by car
    16 What did you drink? beer
    14 What did you speak about? you
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    13 What did he know? nothing
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    8 Did they agree? no
    15 What did he tell you? nothing

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    3 We met at John's place.
    7 We had a good time.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    1 We left home at seven.
    8 They sent it last week.
    9 We got there by car.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    6 We spoke about her.

    Exercise 13

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    3 Písal som im. write to
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    4 Počul som o tom. hear

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    2 she, come tomorrow
    5 she, learn it
    1 he, call me.
    4 John, stay in bed
    12 your mum, not, worry
    8 your father, not, sleep
    7 they, send it to me
    9 children, not, watch TV
    3 they, sit down
    11 my parents, not, leave
    10 she, not, lose it
    6 he, take care of it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    6 He kept the money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    1 She went there alone.
    5 We spent the night there.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    9 I didn't try it.
    7 I thought so.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    10 He took English lessons.

    Exercise 16

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    5 room No. 1068
    6 in the early 1950s
    2 in the 1980s
    1 in the year 1898
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    7 in 1308
    4 phone No. 678850777
    3 on May 13, 2011

    Exercise 17

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    1
    3
    5
    4
    2

    Exercise 18

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    1 Bol som tam včera.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    6 Kedy volala?
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    3 Neboli doma.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.