Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    18 He broke his arm.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    8 I thought so.
    2 We had no money.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    7 Who told you that?
    12 I got no message from him.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    14 We had to stay there.
    16 He began to worry.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    5 I was single when we met.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    1 She helped me.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    6 Their dog with them.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    9 There parties every day.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    7 The children very happy.
    1 Where you last night?
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    8 My brother not there.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.

    Exercise 6

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    3 the children, be, good?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    7 we, have to wait.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    8 It, be cold?
    6 I, think so.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    10 When, he, call?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    2 she, call, you?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    12 Who, give you this?

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • g It took about three days.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • b I told them about it.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • d No, he had no time.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    9
    11
    1
    5
    8
    12
    2
    4
    6
    7
    3
    10

    Exercise 9

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    7 I never go to bed ten.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    8 We met a long time .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    9 How long was it?
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    3 Bob called me two days .

    Exercise 10

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    3 They'll speak about us.
    14 I'll let him know.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    7 We'll go there together.
    9 Will they send it?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    13 Who will buy it?
    12 I won't tell him!
    1 She'll be there.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    5 You'll break it.
    11 When will she come?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    10 Will you go there?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    12 Did you get my message? no
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    13 What did he know? nothing
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    14 What did you speak about? you
    8 Did they agree? no
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    1 How did you go there? by car
    16 What did you drink? beer
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    3 When did you get up? at six

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    9 We got there by car.
    7 We had a good time.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    3 We met at John's place.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    1 We left home at seven.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    6 We spoke about her.
    8 They sent it last week.

    Exercise 13

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    3 Písal som im. write to
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    4 Počul som o tom. hear

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    5 she, learn it
    7 they, send it to me
    3 they, sit down
    10 she, not, lose it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    6 he, take care of it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    1 he, call me.
    8 your father, not, sleep
    4 John, stay in bed
    11 my parents, not, leave
    2 she, come tomorrow

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    6 He kept the money.
    5 We spent the night there.
    7 I thought so.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    10 He took English lessons.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    1 She went there alone.
    9 I didn't try it.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    8 We didn't go there by car.

    Exercise 16

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    6 in the early 1950s
    5 room No. 1068
    1 in the year 1898
    2 in the 1980s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    7 in 1308
    3 on May 13, 2011
    8 from 1917 to 2016

    Exercise 17

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    4
    1
    2
    5
    3

    Exercise 18

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    19 Zabudnime na to.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    3 Neboli doma.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    6 Kedy volala?
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    10 Urobil si chybu.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.