Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    16 He began to worry.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    18 He broke his arm.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    7 Who told you that?
    8 I thought so.
    1 She helped me.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    2 We had no money.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    14 We had to stay there.
    12 I got no message from him.
    5 I was single when we met.
    17 I found it in my pocket.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    1 Where you last night?
    3 There no money and she angry.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    9 There parties every day.
    8 My brother not there.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    7 The children very happy.
    6 Their dog with them.
    2 I at work and they at home.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • d Nebol som doma.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.

    Exercise 6

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    13 I, cannot, get up.
    10 When, he, call?
    2 she, call, you?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    3 the children, be, good?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    7 we, have to wait.
    8 It, be cold?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    6 I, think so.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    12 Who, give you this?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • b I told them about it.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • g It took about three days.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    12
    2
    11
    7
    10
    1
    9
    6
    8
    3
    5
    4

    Exercise 9

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    8 We met a long time .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    9 How long was it?
    5 We visited the city three years .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.

    Exercise 10

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    4 I'll send it to you.
    10 Will you go there?
    5 You'll break it.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    1 She'll be there.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    9 Will they send it?
    13 Who will buy it?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    12 I won't tell him!
    11 When will she come?
    7 We'll go there together.
    14 I'll let him know.
    6 Jane will make dinner.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    16 What did you drink? beer
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    13 What did he know? nothing
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    8 Did they agree? no
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    1 How did you go there? by car
    12 Did you get my message? no
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    14 What did you speak about? you
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    3 When did you get up? at six

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    3 We met at John's place.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    9 We got there by car.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    6 We spoke about her.
    8 They sent it last week.
    1 We left home at seven.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    7 We had a good time.

    Exercise 13

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    3 Písal som im. write to
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    11 my parents, not, leave
    1 he, call me.
    7 they, send it to me
    8 your father, not, sleep
    12 your mum, not, worry
    9 children, not, watch TV
    6 he, take care of it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    5 she, learn it
    10 she, not, lose it
    4 John, stay in bed
    3 they, sit down

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    4 They didn't sleep together.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    6 He kept the money.
    1 She went there alone.
    10 He took English lessons.
    5 We spent the night there.
    9 I didn't try it.
    7 I thought so.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.

    Exercise 16

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    8 from 1917 to 2016
    4 phone No. 678850777
    6 in the early 1950s
    2 in the 1980s
    5 room No. 1068
    3 on May 13, 2011
    1 in the year 1898
    7 in 1308

    Exercise 17

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    2
    1
    4
    3
    5

    Exercise 18

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    4 Kto tam išiel?
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    6 Kedy volala?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    3 Neboli doma.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.