Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    5 I was single when we met.
    16 He began to worry.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    14 We had to stay there.
    2 We had no money.
    1 She helped me.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    7 Who told you that?
    18 He broke his arm.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    8 I thought so.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    12 I got no message from him.
    17 I found it in my pocket.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    1 Where you last night?
    3 There no money and she angry.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    8 My brother not there.
    6 Their dog with them.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    9 There parties every day.
    7 The children very happy.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.

    Exercise 6

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    6 I, think so.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    12 Who, give you this?
    2 she, call, you?
    3 the children, be, good?
    7 we, have to wait.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    8 It, be cold?
    10 When, he, call?

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • b I told them about it.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • g It took about three days.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    4
    5
    7
    10
    1
    11
    8
    12
    6
    9
    2
    3

    Exercise 9

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    9 How long was it?
    3 Bob called me two days .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    8 We met a long time .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    5 We visited the city three years .

    Exercise 10

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    1 She'll be there.
    7 We'll go there together.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    13 Who will buy it?
    12 I won't tell him!
    10 Will you go there?
    5 You'll break it.
    9 Will they send it?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    14 I'll let him know.
    11 When will she come?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    8 Did they agree? no
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    14 What did you speak about? you
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    16 What did you drink? beer
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    12 Did you get my message? no
    13 What did he know? nothing
    3 When did you get up? at six
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    1 How did you go there? by car
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    4 John bought the drinks.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    8 They sent it last week.
    9 We got there by car.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    6 We spoke about her.
    1 We left home at seven.
    7 We had a good time.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    3 We met at John's place.

    Exercise 13

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    3 Písal som im. write to
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    10 she, not, lose it
    7 they, send it to me
    1 he, call me.
    12 your mum, not, worry
    8 your father, not, sleep
    11 my parents, not, leave
    5 she, learn it
    4 John, stay in bed
    2 she, come tomorrow
    6 he, take care of it
    3 they, sit down
    9 children, not, watch TV

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    6 He kept the money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    1 She went there alone.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    7 I thought so.
    5 We spent the night there.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    9 I didn't try it.

    Exercise 16

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    7 in 1308
    2 in the 1980s
    1 in the year 1898
    6 in the early 1950s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    5 room No. 1068
    3 on May 13, 2011
    8 from 1917 to 2016

    Exercise 17

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    2
    4
    1
    5
    3

    Exercise 18

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    10 Urobil si chybu.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    6 Kedy volala?
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    3 Neboli doma.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.