Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    7 Who told you that?
    16 He began to worry.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    2 We had no money.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    12 I got no message from him.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    14 We had to stay there.
    1 She helped me.
    18 He broke his arm.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    5 I was single when we met.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    8 I thought so.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    6 Their dog with them.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    7 The children very happy.
    9 There parties every day.
    1 Where you last night?
    3 There no money and she angry.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • e Urobil som chybu.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.

    Exercise 6

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    2 she, call, you?
    7 we, have to wait.
    12 Who, give you this?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    8 It, be cold?
    10 When, he, call?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    6 I, think so.
    3 the children, be, good?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • g It took about three days.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • b I told them about it.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • e Not bad. And yours?

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    11
    10
    1
    6
    5
    12
    9
    3
    7
    8
    4
    2

    Exercise 9

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    8 We met a long time .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    9 How long was it?
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    3 Bob called me two days .

    Exercise 10

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    14 I'll let him know.
    9 Will they send it?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    5 You'll break it.
    12 I won't tell him!
    1 She'll be there.
    13 Who will buy it?
    11 When will she come?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    7 We'll go there together.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    10 Will you go there?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    14 What did you speak about? you
    13 What did he know? nothing
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    1 How did you go there? by car
    3 When did you get up? at six
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    8 Did they agree? no
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    12 Did you get my message? no
    16 What did you drink? beer
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    15 What did he tell you? nothing

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    1 We left home at seven.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    7 We had a good time.
    3 We met at John's place.
    8 They sent it last week.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    6 We spoke about her.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    9 We got there by car.
    2 Jane went there alone.

    Exercise 13

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    3 Písal som im. write to
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    10 she, not, lose it
    7 they, send it to me
    2 she, come tomorrow
    3 they, sit down
    11 my parents, not, leave
    9 children, not, watch TV
    5 she, learn it
    4 John, stay in bed
    12 your mum, not, worry
    8 your father, not, sleep
    1 he, call me.
    6 he, take care of it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    1 She went there alone.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    10 He took English lessons.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    5 We spent the night there.
    6 He kept the money.
    9 I didn't try it.
    7 I thought so.
    8 We didn't go there by car.

    Exercise 16

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    4 phone No. 678850777
    2 in the 1980s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    5 room No. 1068
    1 in the year 1898
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s
    7 in 1308

    Exercise 17

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    2
    1
    3
    4
    5

    Exercise 18

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    3 Neboli doma.
    6 Kedy volala?
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.