Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    14 We had to stay there.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    16 He began to worry.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    1 She helped me.
    7 Who told you that?
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    2 We had no money.
    18 He broke his arm.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    8 I thought so.
    12 I got no message from him.
    5 I was single when we met.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    17 I found it in my pocket.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    6 Their dog with them.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    9 There parties every day.
    1 Where you last night?
    7 The children very happy.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    8 My brother not there.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.

    Exercise 6

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    2 she, call, you?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    10 When, he, call?
    8 It, be cold?
    12 Who, give you this?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    3 the children, be, good?
    6 I, think so.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    7 we, have to wait.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • b I told them about it.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • g It took about three days.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • d No, he had no time.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    3
    5
    6
    11
    10
    12
    8
    2
    4
    7
    9
    1

    Exercise 9

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    3 Bob called me two days .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    9 How long was it?
    8 We met a long time .
    5 We visited the city three years .

    Exercise 10

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    4 I'll send it to you.
    7 We'll go there together.
    13 Who will buy it?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    10 Will you go there?
    1 She'll be there.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    5 You'll break it.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    9 Will they send it?
    14 I'll let him know.
    12 I won't tell him!
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    11 When will she come?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    14 What did you speak about? you
    1 How did you go there? by car
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    13 What did he know? nothing
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    3 When did you get up? at six
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    8 Did they agree? no
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    16 What did you drink? beer
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    12 Did you get my message? no

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    8 They sent it last week.
    9 We got there by car.
    3 We met at John's place.
    1 We left home at seven.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    6 We spoke about her.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    7 We had a good time.

    Exercise 13

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    3 Písal som im. write to
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    1 he, call me.
    3 they, sit down
    7 they, send it to me
    11 my parents, not, leave
    12 your mum, not, worry
    2 she, come tomorrow
    5 she, learn it
    4 John, stay in bed
    9 children, not, watch TV
    10 she, not, lose it
    6 he, take care of it
    8 your father, not, sleep

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    5 We spent the night there.
    9 I didn't try it.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    6 He kept the money.
    7 I thought so.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    10 He took English lessons.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    1 She went there alone.
    8 We didn't go there by car.

    Exercise 16

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    3 on May 13, 2011
    2 in the 1980s
    1 in the year 1898
    7 in 1308
    4 phone No. 678850777
    6 in the early 1950s
    5 room No. 1068
    8 from 1917 to 2016

    Exercise 17

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    4
    2
    1
    5
    3

    Exercise 18

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    6 Kedy volala?
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    3 Neboli doma.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.