Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    10 We went dancing last night.
    2 We had no money.
    5 I was single when we met.
    7 Who told you that?
    14 We had to stay there.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    1 She helped me.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    18 He broke his arm.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    16 He began to worry.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    12 I got no message from him.
    8 I thought so.
    17 I found it in my pocket.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    5 Our parents not at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    9 There parties every day.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    6 Their dog with them.
    1 Where you last night?

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.

    Exercise 6

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    11 I, tell him about it.
    3 the children, be, good?
    12 Who, give you this?
    2 she, call, you?
    10 When, he, call?
    7 we, have to wait.
    8 It, be cold?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    6 I, think so.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    14 she, lose, the money.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • b I told them about it.
    • g It took about three days.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    5
    9
    8
    12
    2
    11
    10
    6
    1
    3
    7
    4

    Exercise 9

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    7 I never go to bed ten.
    8 We met a long time .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    9 How long was it?
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    5 We visited the city three years .

    Exercise 10

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    8 He'll give it to her.
    5 You'll break it.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    7 We'll go there together.
    10 Will you go there?
    13 Who will buy it?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    9 Will they send it?
    11 When will she come?
    14 I'll let him know.
    12 I won't tell him!
    1 She'll be there.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    3 When did you get up? at six
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    8 Did they agree? no
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    12 Did you get my message? no
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    1 How did you go there? by car
    13 What did he know? nothing
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    16 What did you drink? beer
    14 What did you speak about? you
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    3 We met at John's place.
    9 We got there by car.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    1 We left home at seven.
    7 We had a good time.
    6 We spoke about her.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    8 They sent it last week.

    Exercise 13

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    3 Písal som im. write to
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    6 he, take care of it
    1 he, call me.
    11 my parents, not, leave
    7 they, send it to me
    2 she, come tomorrow
    9 children, not, watch TV
    3 they, sit down
    10 she, not, lose it
    5 she, learn it
    4 John, stay in bed
    8 your father, not, sleep
    12 your mum, not, worry

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    9 I didn't try it.
    1 She went there alone.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    10 He took English lessons.
    6 He kept the money.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    7 I thought so.
    5 We spent the night there.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    8 We didn't go there by car.

    Exercise 16

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    3 on May 13, 2011
    6 in the early 1950s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    1 in the year 1898
    5 room No. 1068
    2 in the 1980s
    7 in 1308

    Exercise 17

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    3
    2
    5
    1
    4

    Exercise 18

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    3 Neboli doma.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    6 Kedy volala?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.