Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    18 He broke his arm.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    5 I was single when we met.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    16 He began to worry.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    1 She helped me.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    8 I thought so.
    12 I got no message from him.
    2 We had no money.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    14 We had to stay there.
    7 Who told you that?
    10 We went dancing last night.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    2 I at work and they at home.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    7 The children very happy.
    9 There parties every day.
    1 Where you last night?
    8 My brother not there.
    6 Their dog with them.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    8 What did you find? - I this.

    Exercise 6

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    3 the children, be, good?
    7 we, have to wait.
    2 she, call, you?
    8 It, be cold?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    6 I, think so.
    12 Who, give you this?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    10 When, he, call?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • g It took about three days.
    • b I told them about it.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • e Not bad. And yours?

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    9
    4
    2
    6
    11
    3
    1
    8
    5
    12
    10
    7

    Exercise 9

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    9 How long was it?
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    8 We met a long time .
    5 We visited the city three years .

    Exercise 10

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    6 Jane will make dinner.
    10 Will you go there?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    1 She'll be there.
    14 I'll let him know.
    7 We'll go there together.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    13 Who will buy it?
    5 You'll break it.
    11 When will she come?
    9 Will they send it?
    12 I won't tell him!

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    8 Did they agree? no
    13 What did he know? nothing
    14 What did you speak about? you
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    3 When did you get up? at six
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    1 How did you go there? by car
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    16 What did you drink? beer
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    12 Did you get my message? no
    7 Did anybody call? nobody

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    3 We met at John's place.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    7 We had a good time.
    1 We left home at seven.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    6 We spoke about her.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    9 We got there by car.
    8 They sent it last week.

    Exercise 13

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    3 Písal som im. write to
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    4 Počul som o tom. hear

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    8 your father, not, sleep
    4 John, stay in bed
    5 she, learn it
    3 they, sit down
    11 my parents, not, leave
    12 your mum, not, worry
    2 she, come tomorrow
    6 he, take care of it
    1 he, call me.
    7 they, send it to me
    10 she, not, lose it
    9 children, not, watch TV

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    9 I didn't try it.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    6 He kept the money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    1 She went there alone.
    7 I thought so.
    5 We spent the night there.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    2 They didn't bring any money.

    Exercise 16

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    7 in 1308
    5 room No. 1068
    1 in the year 1898
    4 phone No. 678850777
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    3 on May 13, 2011
    2 in the 1980s
    6 in the early 1950s

    Exercise 17

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    4
    2
    1
    5
    3

    Exercise 18

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    1 Poďme peši. walk

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    1 Bol som tam včera.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    3 Neboli doma.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    6 Kedy volala?
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.