Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    7 Who told you that?
    1 She helped me.
    12 I got no message from him.
    5 I was single when we met.
    18 He broke his arm.
    2 We had no money.
    16 He began to worry.
    8 I thought so.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    14 We had to stay there.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    3 There no money and she angry.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    1 Where you last night?
    8 My brother not there.
    9 There parties every day.
    7 The children very happy.
    6 Their dog with them.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    2 I at work and they at home.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.

    Exercise 6

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    10 When, he, call?
    7 we, have to wait.
    2 she, call, you?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    3 the children, be, good?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    12 Who, give you this?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    8 It, be cold?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    6 I, think so.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • g It took about three days.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • b I told them about it.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    1
    4
    11
    12
    10
    6
    8
    9
    7
    2
    3
    5

    Exercise 9

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    5 We visited the city three years .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    9 How long was it?
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    8 We met a long time .
    3 Bob called me two days .

    Exercise 10

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    7 We'll go there together.
    11 When will she come?
    13 Who will buy it?
    14 I'll let him know.
    10 Will you go there?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    9 Will they send it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    1 She'll be there.
    5 You'll break it.
    12 I won't tell him!

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    16 What did you drink? beer
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    12 Did you get my message? no
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    8 Did they agree? no
    3 When did you get up? at six
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    13 What did he know? nothing
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    14 What did you speak about? you
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    1 How did you go there? by car

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    7 We had a good time.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    1 We left home at seven.
    8 They sent it last week.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    3 We met at John's place.
    9 We got there by car.
    6 We spoke about her.

    Exercise 13

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    3 Písal som im. write to
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    9 children, not, watch TV
    6 he, take care of it
    5 she, learn it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    1 he, call me.
    3 they, sit down
    4 John, stay in bed
    8 your father, not, sleep
    12 your mum, not, worry
    10 she, not, lose it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    7 they, send it to me

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    11 They didn't have to wait.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    9 I didn't try it.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    6 He kept the money.
    5 We spent the night there.
    1 She went there alone.
    10 He took English lessons.
    7 I thought so.
    2 They didn't bring any money.

    Exercise 16

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    1 in the year 1898
    3 on May 13, 2011
    7 in 1308
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    4 phone No. 678850777
    2 in the 1980s
    5 room No. 1068
    6 in the early 1950s

    Exercise 17

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    3
    2
    4
    1
    5

    Exercise 18

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    6 Kedy volala?
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    3 Neboli doma.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    19 Zabudnime na to.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.