Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    5 I was single when we met.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    12 I got no message from him.
    7 Who told you that?
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    18 He broke his arm.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    2 We had no money.
    1 She helped me.
    14 We had to stay there.
    16 He began to worry.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    8 I thought so.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    3 There no money and she angry.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    7 The children very happy.
    9 There parties every day.
    1 Where you last night?
    8 My brother not there.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    4 you there too? No, I not.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.

    Exercise 6

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    12 Who, give you this?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    8 It, be cold?
    7 we, have to wait.
    3 the children, be, good?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    2 she, call, you?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    10 When, he, call?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    6 I, think so.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    13 I, cannot, get up.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • g It took about three days.
    • b I told them about it.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    7
    12
    1
    3
    5
    8
    11
    4
    2
    9
    6
    10

    Exercise 9

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    9 How long was it?
    8 We met a long time .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.

    Exercise 10

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    5 You'll break it.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    13 Who will buy it?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    9 Will they send it?
    7 We'll go there together.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    11 When will she come?
    1 She'll be there.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    14 I'll let him know.
    10 Will you go there?
    12 I won't tell him!
    2 Bob will come alone.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    5 What did you buy? bananas
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    8 Did they agree? no
    1 How did you go there? by car
    16 What did you drink? beer
    3 When did you get up? at six
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    12 Did you get my message? no
    14 What did you speak about? you
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    13 What did he know? nothing
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    9 We got there by car.
    6 We spoke about her.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    1 We left home at seven.
    3 We met at John's place.
    8 They sent it last week.
    7 We had a good time.

    Exercise 13

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    3 Písal som im. write to
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    5 she, learn it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    11 my parents, not, leave
    7 they, send it to me
    10 she, not, lose it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    8 your father, not, sleep
    2 she, come tomorrow
    6 he, take care of it
    3 they, sit down
    1 he, call me.
    4 John, stay in bed

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    9 I didn't try it.
    1 She went there alone.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    6 He kept the money.
    7 I thought so.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    5 We spent the night there.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    10 He took English lessons.
    12 I saw her yesterday.

    Exercise 16

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    2 in the 1980s
    6 in the early 1950s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    7 in 1308
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    4 phone No. 678850777
    1 in the year 1898
    5 room No. 1068

    Exercise 17

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    3
    1
    2
    4
    5

    Exercise 18

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    19 Zabudnime na to.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    6 Kedy volala?
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    3 Neboli doma.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.