Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    7 Who told you that?
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    16 He began to worry.
    1 She helped me.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    18 He broke his arm.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    5 I was single when we met.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    2 We had no money.
    14 We had to stay there.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    12 I got no message from him.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    8 I thought so.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    2 I at work and they at home.
    1 Where you last night?
    3 There no money and she angry.
    6 Their dog with them.
    8 My brother not there.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    7 The children very happy.
    9 There parties every day.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • h Vedela o tom.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.

    Exercise 6

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    13 I, cannot, get up.
    10 When, he, call?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    12 Who, give you this?
    7 we, have to wait.
    3 the children, be, good?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    8 It, be cold?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    6 I, think so.
    2 she, call, you?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • b I told them about it.
    • g It took about three days.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    4
    3
    5
    10
    7
    12
    8
    9
    11
    1
    6
    2

    Exercise 9

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    9 How long was it?
    8 We met a long time .
    3 Bob called me two days .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.

    Exercise 10

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    9 Will they send it?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    11 When will she come?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    1 She'll be there.
    13 Who will buy it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    5 You'll break it.
    7 We'll go there together.
    10 Will you go there?
    12 I won't tell him!
    2 Bob will come alone.
    14 I'll let him know.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    13 What did he know? nothing
    1 How did you go there? by car
    14 What did you speak about? you
    12 Did you get my message? no
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    8 Did they agree? no
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    16 What did you drink? beer
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    3 When did you get up? at six

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    3 We met at John's place.
    7 We had a good time.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    9 We got there by car.
    8 They sent it last week.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    1 We left home at seven.
    6 We spoke about her.

    Exercise 13

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    3 Písal som im. write to
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    5 she, learn it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    9 children, not, watch TV
    4 John, stay in bed
    12 your mum, not, worry
    8 your father, not, sleep
    6 he, take care of it
    3 they, sit down
    1 he, call me.
    10 she, not, lose it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    7 they, send it to me

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    12 I saw her yesterday.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    6 He kept the money.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    7 I thought so.
    9 I didn't try it.
    1 She went there alone.
    5 We spent the night there.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    10 He took English lessons.

    Exercise 16

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    5 room No. 1068
    1 in the year 1898
    2 in the 1980s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    7 in 1308
    3 on May 13, 2011

    Exercise 17

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    5
    2
    1
    3
    4

    Exercise 18

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    1 Poďme peši. walk
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    6 Kedy volala?
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    3 Neboli doma.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.