Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    14 We had to stay there.
    1 She helped me.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    16 He began to worry.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    5 I was single when we met.
    7 Who told you that?
    18 He broke his arm.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    12 I got no message from him.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    8 I thought so.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    2 We had no money.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    17 I found it in my pocket.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    2 I at work and they at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    8 My brother not there.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    1 Where you last night?
    9 There parties every day.
    7 The children very happy.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • d Nebol som doma.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.

    Exercise 6

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    2 she, call, you?
    3 the children, be, good?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    10 When, he, call?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    12 Who, give you this?
    6 I, think so.
    7 we, have to wait.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    8 It, be cold?

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • b I told them about it.
    • g It took about three days.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • d No, he had no time.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    8
    9
    6
    1
    7
    10
    3
    11
    4
    5
    12
    2

    Exercise 9

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    8 We met a long time .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    9 How long was it?
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.

    Exercise 10

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    12 I won't tell him!
    2 Bob will come alone.
    11 When will she come?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    1 She'll be there.
    9 Will they send it?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    10 Will you go there?
    14 I'll let him know.
    5 You'll break it.
    13 Who will buy it?
    7 We'll go there together.
    3 They'll speak about us.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    16 What did you drink? beer
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    13 What did he know? nothing
    12 Did you get my message? no
    1 How did you go there? by car
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    8 Did they agree? no
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    14 What did you speak about? you
    3 When did you get up? at six

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    2 Jane went there alone.
    3 We met at John's place.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    9 We got there by car.
    7 We had a good time.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    6 We spoke about her.
    8 They sent it last week.
    1 We left home at seven.
    4 John bought the drinks.

    Exercise 13

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    3 Písal som im. write to
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    5 she, learn it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    3 they, sit down
    12 your mum, not, worry
    11 my parents, not, leave
    7 they, send it to me
    6 he, take care of it
    4 John, stay in bed
    1 he, call me.
    8 your father, not, sleep
    10 she, not, lose it
    9 children, not, watch TV

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    12 I saw her yesterday.
    9 I didn't try it.
    5 We spent the night there.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    7 I thought so.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    1 She went there alone.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    6 He kept the money.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.

    Exercise 16

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    7 in 1308
    5 room No. 1068
    3 on May 13, 2011
    6 in the early 1950s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    2 in the 1980s
    1 in the year 1898

    Exercise 17

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    4
    1
    3
    2
    5

    Exercise 18

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    6 Kedy volala?
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    3 Neboli doma.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.