Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    9 I saw him this morning.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    7 Who told you that?
    18 He broke his arm.
    2 We had no money.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    14 We had to stay there.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    5 I was single when we met.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    12 I got no message from him.
    8 I thought so.
    16 He began to worry.
    1 She helped me.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    7 The children very happy.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    6 Their dog with them.
    1 Where you last night?
    9 There parties every day.
    2 I at work and they at home.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • h Vedela o tom.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.

    Exercise 6

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    10 When, he, call?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    2 she, call, you?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    6 I, think so.
    8 It, be cold?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    3 the children, be, good?
    12 Who, give you this?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    7 we, have to wait.
    11 I, tell him about it.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • b I told them about it.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • g It took about three days.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    10
    4
    7
    1
    9
    3
    6
    12
    2
    8
    11
    5

    Exercise 9

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    9 How long was it?
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    8 We met a long time .
    3 Bob called me two days .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    5 We visited the city three years .

    Exercise 10

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    13 Who will buy it?
    1 She'll be there.
    12 I won't tell him!
    5 You'll break it.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    11 When will she come?
    14 I'll let him know.
    7 We'll go there together.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    10 Will you go there?
    9 Will they send it?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    5 What did you buy? bananas
    8 Did they agree? no
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    13 What did he know? nothing
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    12 Did you get my message? no
    14 What did you speak about? you
    16 What did you drink? beer
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    3 When did you get up? at six
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    1 How did you go there? by car
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    3 We met at John's place.
    1 We left home at seven.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    6 We spoke about her.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    8 They sent it last week.
    9 We got there by car.
    7 We had a good time.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.

    Exercise 13

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    3 Písal som im. write to
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    11 my parents, not, leave
    6 he, take care of it
    3 they, sit down
    12 your mum, not, worry
    9 children, not, watch TV
    10 she, not, lose it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    4 John, stay in bed
    2 she, come tomorrow
    5 she, learn it
    1 he, call me.
    7 they, send it to me

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    4 They didn't sleep together.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    1 She went there alone.
    7 I thought so.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    6 He kept the money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    5 We spent the night there.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    9 I didn't try it.

    Exercise 16

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    1 in the year 1898
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s
    5 room No. 1068
    2 in the 1980s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    3 on May 13, 2011
    7 in 1308

    Exercise 17

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    3
    4
    2
    1
    5

    Exercise 18

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    6 Kedy volala?
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    3 Neboli doma.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.