Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    4 Nobody knew about it.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    8 I thought so.
    14 We had to stay there.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    16 He began to worry.
    7 Who told you that?
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    5 I was single when we met.
    1 She helped me.
    18 He broke his arm.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    2 We had no money.
    12 I got no message from him.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    2 I at work and they at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    9 There parties every day.
    6 Their dog with them.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    7 The children very happy.
    1 Where you last night?

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • h Vedela o tom.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!

    Exercise 6

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    7 we, have to wait.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    2 she, call, you?
    10 When, he, call?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    12 Who, give you this?
    3 the children, be, good?
    6 I, think so.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    8 It, be cold?

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • b I told them about it.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • g It took about three days.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    1
    2
    9
    5
    6
    10
    4
    3
    8
    12
    7
    11

    Exercise 9

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    9 How long was it?
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    8 We met a long time .
    3 Bob called me two days .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.

    Exercise 10

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    5 You'll break it.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    10 Will you go there?
    12 I won't tell him!
    3 They'll speak about us.
    11 When will she come?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    14 I'll let him know.
    1 She'll be there.
    7 We'll go there together.
    13 Who will buy it?
    9 Will they send it?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    4 I'll send it to you.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    13 What did he know? nothing
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    1 How did you go there? by car
    16 What did you drink? beer
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    12 Did you get my message? no
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    14 What did you speak about? you
    3 When did you get up? at six
    8 Did they agree? no

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    1 We left home at seven.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    3 We met at John's place.
    7 We had a good time.
    8 They sent it last week.
    9 We got there by car.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    6 We spoke about her.

    Exercise 13

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    3 Písal som im. write to
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    3 they, sit down
    11 my parents, not, leave
    7 they, send it to me
    4 John, stay in bed
    10 she, not, lose it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    9 children, not, watch TV
    8 your father, not, sleep
    1 he, call me.
    12 your mum, not, worry
    5 she, learn it
    6 he, take care of it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    9 I didn't try it.
    7 I thought so.
    10 He took English lessons.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    6 He kept the money.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    1 She went there alone.
    5 We spent the night there.

    Exercise 16

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    2 in the 1980s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    3 on May 13, 2011
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s
    1 in the year 1898
    7 in 1308
    5 room No. 1068

    Exercise 17

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    5
    3
    4
    2
    1

    Exercise 18

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    1 Bol som tam včera.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    6 Kedy volala?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    3 Neboli doma.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    13 Stretol som ho včera.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.