Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    1 She helped me.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    12 I got no message from him.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    14 We had to stay there.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    8 I thought so.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    2 We had no money.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    16 He began to worry.
    5 I was single when we met.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    7 Who told you that?
    18 He broke his arm.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    1 Where you last night?
    5 Our parents not at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    9 There parties every day.
    6 Their dog with them.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • h Vedela o tom.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.

    Exercise 6

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    6 I, think so.
    10 When, he, call?
    12 Who, give you this?
    3 the children, be, good?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    7 we, have to wait.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    8 It, be cold?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    2 she, call, you?

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • b I told them about it.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • g It took about three days.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    2
    6
    7
    9
    4
    3
    10
    12
    8
    5
    1
    11

    Exercise 9

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    9 How long was it?
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    8 We met a long time .
    3 Bob called me two days .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.

    Exercise 10

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    8 He'll give it to her.
    13 Who will buy it?
    1 She'll be there.
    9 Will they send it?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    11 When will she come?
    12 I won't tell him!
    3 They'll speak about us.
    14 I'll let him know.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    7 We'll go there together.
    10 Will you go there?
    5 You'll break it.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    13 What did he know? nothing
    8 Did they agree? no
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    1 How did you go there? by car
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    14 What did you speak about? you
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    16 What did you drink? beer
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    3 When did you get up? at six
    12 Did you get my message? no

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    6 We spoke about her.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    1 We left home at seven.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    8 They sent it last week.
    3 We met at John's place.
    9 We got there by car.
    7 We had a good time.

    Exercise 13

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    3 Písal som im. write to
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    4 Počul som o tom. hear

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    2 she, come tomorrow
    10 she, not, lose it
    7 they, send it to me
    9 children, not, watch TV
    5 she, learn it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    6 he, take care of it
    1 he, call me.
    3 they, sit down
    12 your mum, not, worry
    11 my parents, not, leave
    4 John, stay in bed

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    7 I thought so.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    10 He took English lessons.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    6 He kept the money.
    9 I didn't try it.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    1 She went there alone.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    5 We spent the night there.

    Exercise 16

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    7 in 1308
    3 on May 13, 2011
    6 in the early 1950s
    1 in the year 1898
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    4 phone No. 678850777
    2 in the 1980s
    5 room No. 1068

    Exercise 17

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    5
    1
    3
    2
    4

    Exercise 18

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    11 Poslala mi správu.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    3 Neboli doma.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    6 Kedy volala?
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.