Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    17 I found it in my pocket.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    8 I thought so.
    14 We had to stay there.
    2 We had no money.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    5 I was single when we met.
    18 He broke his arm.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    7 Who told you that?
    16 He began to worry.
    1 She helped me.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    12 I got no message from him.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    6 Their dog with them.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    1 Where you last night?
    3 There no money and she angry.
    8 My brother not there.
    9 There parties every day.
    7 The children very happy.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    2 I at work and they at home.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.

    Exercise 6

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    10 When, he, call?
    8 It, be cold?
    12 Who, give you this?
    2 she, call, you?
    3 the children, be, good?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    6 I, think so.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    7 we, have to wait.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • b I told them about it.
    • g It took about three days.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • e Not bad. And yours?

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    4
    7
    3
    12
    8
    6
    9
    1
    10
    2
    5
    11

    Exercise 9

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    9 How long was it?
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    8 We met a long time .

    Exercise 10

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    7 We'll go there together.
    13 Who will buy it?
    5 You'll break it.
    14 I'll let him know.
    12 I won't tell him!
    9 Will they send it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    10 Will you go there?
    11 When will she come?
    1 She'll be there.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    2 Bob will come alone.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    3 When did you get up? at six
    14 What did you speak about? you
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    13 What did he know? nothing
    16 What did you drink? beer
    1 How did you go there? by car
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    12 Did you get my message? no
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    8 Did they agree? no
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    6 We spoke about her.
    9 We got there by car.
    1 We left home at seven.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    8 They sent it last week.
    3 We met at John's place.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    7 We had a good time.

    Exercise 13

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    3 Písal som im. write to
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    10 she, not, lose it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    3 they, sit down
    9 children, not, watch TV
    4 John, stay in bed
    11 my parents, not, leave
    1 he, call me.
    7 they, send it to me
    12 your mum, not, worry
    6 he, take care of it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    5 she, learn it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    9 I didn't try it.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    6 He kept the money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    7 I thought so.
    5 We spent the night there.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    1 She went there alone.

    Exercise 16

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    7 in 1308
    5 room No. 1068
    2 in the 1980s
    1 in the year 1898
    4 phone No. 678850777
    3 on May 13, 2011
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s

    Exercise 17

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    5
    2
    4
    1
    3

    Exercise 18

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    6 Kedy volala?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    3 Neboli doma.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    1 Bol som tam včera.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.