Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    7 Who told you that?
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    14 We had to stay there.
    5 I was single when we met.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    12 I got no message from him.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    2 We had no money.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    16 He began to worry.
    8 I thought so.
    18 He broke his arm.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    1 She helped me.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    1 Where you last night?
    6 Their dog with them.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    9 There parties every day.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    4 you there too? No, I not.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.

    Exercise 6

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    3 the children, be, good?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    2 she, call, you?
    6 I, think so.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    7 we, have to wait.
    10 When, he, call?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    12 Who, give you this?
    8 It, be cold?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • b I told them about it.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • g It took about three days.
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    7
    4
    10
    5
    11
    1
    9
    6
    2
    8
    3
    12

    Exercise 9

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    9 How long was it?
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    8 We met a long time .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.

    Exercise 10

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    5 You'll break it.
    9 Will they send it?
    7 We'll go there together.
    12 I won't tell him!
    14 I'll let him know.
    13 Who will buy it?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    10 Will you go there?
    1 She'll be there.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    11 When will she come?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    16 What did you drink? beer
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    1 How did you go there? by car
    3 When did you get up? at six
    8 Did they agree? no
    13 What did he know? nothing
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    14 What did you speak about? you
    12 Did you get my message? no

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    9 We got there by car.
    6 We spoke about her.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    1 We left home at seven.
    8 They sent it last week.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    7 We had a good time.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    3 We met at John's place.

    Exercise 13

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    3 Písal som im. write to
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    12 your mum, not, worry
    11 my parents, not, leave
    4 John, stay in bed
    6 he, take care of it
    5 she, learn it
    1 he, call me.
    10 she, not, lose it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    9 children, not, watch TV
    7 they, send it to me
    8 your father, not, sleep
    3 they, sit down

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    12 I saw her yesterday.
    9 I didn't try it.
    6 He kept the money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    1 She went there alone.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    7 I thought so.
    5 We spent the night there.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    2 They didn't bring any money.

    Exercise 16

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    5 room No. 1068
    4 phone No. 678850777
    7 in 1308
    1 in the year 1898
    3 on May 13, 2011
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    2 in the 1980s
    6 in the early 1950s

    Exercise 17

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    1
    3
    2
    5
    4

    Exercise 18

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    5 Išiel tam sám?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    6 Kedy volala?
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    3 Neboli doma.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.