Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    5 I was single when we met.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    8 I thought so.
    16 He began to worry.
    1 She helped me.
    18 He broke his arm.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    12 I got no message from him.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    2 We had no money.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    7 Who told you that?
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    14 We had to stay there.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    1 Where you last night?
    3 There no money and she angry.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    8 My brother not there.
    7 The children very happy.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    9 There parties every day.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.

    Exercise 6

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    14 she, lose, the money.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    12 Who, give you this?
    10 When, he, call?
    6 I, think so.
    8 It, be cold?
    7 we, have to wait.
    2 she, call, you?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    3 the children, be, good?
    13 I, cannot, get up.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • g It took about three days.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • b I told them about it.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • e Not bad. And yours?

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    8
    2
    1
    3
    5
    7
    10
    9
    4
    11
    12
    6

    Exercise 9

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    8 We met a long time .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    9 How long was it?
    3 Bob called me two days .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    10 I'll be back midnight.

    Exercise 10

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    1 She'll be there.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    5 You'll break it.
    11 When will she come?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    9 Will they send it?
    13 Who will buy it?
    12 I won't tell him!
    4 I'll send it to you.
    10 Will you go there?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    14 I'll let him know.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    7 We'll go there together.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    16 What did you drink? beer
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    3 When did you get up? at six
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    12 Did you get my message? no
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    8 Did they agree? no
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    13 What did he know? nothing
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    14 What did you speak about? you
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    1 How did you go there? by car

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    4 John bought the drinks.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    7 We had a good time.
    3 We met at John's place.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    6 We spoke about her.
    8 They sent it last week.
    1 We left home at seven.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    9 We got there by car.

    Exercise 13

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    3 Písal som im. write to
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    3 they, sit down
    2 she, come tomorrow
    11 my parents, not, leave
    9 children, not, watch TV
    12 your mum, not, worry
    8 your father, not, sleep
    10 she, not, lose it
    6 he, take care of it
    4 John, stay in bed
    5 she, learn it
    1 he, call me.
    7 they, send it to me

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    9 I didn't try it.
    1 She went there alone.
    10 He took English lessons.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    5 We spent the night there.
    7 I thought so.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    6 He kept the money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.

    Exercise 16

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    7 in 1308
    5 room No. 1068
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    4 phone No. 678850777
    1 in the year 1898
    2 in the 1980s
    6 in the early 1950s
    3 on May 13, 2011

    Exercise 17

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    4
    1
    3
    5
    2

    Exercise 18

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    6 Kedy volala?
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    3 Neboli doma.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.