Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    17 I found it in my pocket.
    14 We had to stay there.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    12 I got no message from him.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    2 We had no money.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    1 She helped me.
    18 He broke his arm.
    5 I was single when we met.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    8 I thought so.
    7 Who told you that?
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    16 He began to worry.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    8 My brother not there.
    1 Where you last night?
    6 Their dog with them.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    9 There parties every day.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • f Kúpil si auto.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.

    Exercise 6

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    14 she, lose, the money.
    8 It, be cold?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    7 we, have to wait.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    2 she, call, you?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    6 I, think so.
    10 When, he, call?
    3 the children, be, good?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    12 Who, give you this?
    11 I, tell him about it.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • b I told them about it.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • g It took about three days.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • d No, he had no time.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    8
    1
    3
    4
    6
    9
    7
    10
    2
    5
    11
    12

    Exercise 9

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    7 I never go to bed ten.
    9 How long was it?
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    8 We met a long time .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.

    Exercise 10

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    14 I'll let him know.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    10 Will you go there?
    1 She'll be there.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    13 Who will buy it?
    5 You'll break it.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    11 When will she come?
    12 I won't tell him!
    9 Will they send it?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    7 We'll go there together.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    12 Did you get my message? no
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    3 When did you get up? at six
    14 What did you speak about? you
    13 What did he know? nothing
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    16 What did you drink? beer
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    8 Did they agree? no
    1 How did you go there? by car

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    9 We got there by car.
    7 We had a good time.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    1 We left home at seven.
    3 We met at John's place.
    8 They sent it last week.
    6 We spoke about her.
    4 John bought the drinks.

    Exercise 13

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    3 Písal som im. write to
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    4 John, stay in bed
    2 she, come tomorrow
    6 he, take care of it
    5 she, learn it
    3 they, sit down
    7 they, send it to me
    1 he, call me.
    11 my parents, not, leave
    9 children, not, watch TV
    10 she, not, lose it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    12 your mum, not, worry

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    12 I saw her yesterday.
    9 I didn't try it.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    5 We spent the night there.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    7 I thought so.
    6 He kept the money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    10 He took English lessons.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    1 She went there alone.

    Exercise 16

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    5 room No. 1068
    2 in the 1980s
    1 in the year 1898
    7 in 1308
    4 phone No. 678850777
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s
    3 on May 13, 2011

    Exercise 17

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    4
    1
    2
    5
    3

    Exercise 18

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    6 Kedy volala?
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    3 Neboli doma.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.