Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    4 Nobody knew about it.
    5 I was single when we met.
    18 He broke his arm.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    8 I thought so.
    16 He began to worry.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    7 Who told you that?
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    14 We had to stay there.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    12 I got no message from him.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    1 She helped me.
    2 We had no money.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    1 Where you last night?
    9 There parties every day.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    8 My brother not there.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    7 The children very happy.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    6 Their dog with them.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • f Kúpil si auto.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.

    Exercise 6

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    5 who, bring, the books?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    8 It, be cold?
    3 the children, be, good?
    10 When, he, call?
    2 she, call, you?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    7 we, have to wait.
    12 Who, give you this?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    6 I, think so.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    13 I, cannot, get up.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • b I told them about it.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • g It took about three days.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    4
    11
    5
    2
    6
    9
    3
    12
    8
    10
    7
    1

    Exercise 9

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    9 How long was it?
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    8 We met a long time .
    3 Bob called me two days .
    5 We visited the city three years .

    Exercise 10

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    11 When will she come?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    13 Who will buy it?
    12 I won't tell him!
    7 We'll go there together.
    10 Will you go there?
    14 I'll let him know.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    1 She'll be there.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    9 Will they send it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    5 You'll break it.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    5 What did you buy? bananas
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    12 Did you get my message? no
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    16 What did you drink? beer
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    8 Did they agree? no
    3 When did you get up? at six
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    14 What did you speak about? you
    1 How did you go there? by car
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    13 What did he know? nothing
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    9 We got there by car.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    1 We left home at seven.
    6 We spoke about her.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    3 We met at John's place.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    8 They sent it last week.
    7 We had a good time.

    Exercise 13

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    3 Písal som im. write to
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    4 John, stay in bed
    3 they, sit down
    9 children, not, watch TV
    6 he, take care of it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    11 my parents, not, leave
    7 they, send it to me
    5 she, learn it
    1 he, call me.
    12 your mum, not, worry
    8 your father, not, sleep
    10 she, not, lose it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    2 They didn't bring any money.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    5 We spent the night there.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    7 I thought so.
    9 I didn't try it.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    6 He kept the money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    1 She went there alone.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.

    Exercise 16

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    4 phone No. 678850777
    5 room No. 1068
    7 in 1308
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    3 on May 13, 2011
    1 in the year 1898
    2 in the 1980s
    6 in the early 1950s

    Exercise 17

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    1
    3
    2
    4
    5

    Exercise 18

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    5 Išiel tam sám?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    3 Neboli doma.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    6 Kedy volala?
    10 Urobil si chybu.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.