Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    8 I thought so.
    2 We had no money.
    5 I was single when we met.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    18 He broke his arm.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    14 We had to stay there.
    12 I got no message from him.
    7 Who told you that?
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    16 He began to worry.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    1 She helped me.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    9 There parties every day.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    1 Where you last night?
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    8 My brother not there.
    6 Their dog with them.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    2 I at work and they at home.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • d Nebol som doma.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.

    Exercise 6

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    13 I, cannot, get up.
    2 she, call, you?
    6 I, think so.
    12 Who, give you this?
    3 the children, be, good?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    7 we, have to wait.
    8 It, be cold?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    10 When, he, call?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • g It took about three days.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • b I told them about it.
    • e Not bad. And yours?

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    4
    12
    8
    9
    1
    3
    2
    6
    7
    10
    5
    11

    Exercise 9

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    8 We met a long time .
    3 Bob called me two days .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    9 How long was it?

    Exercise 10

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    5 You'll break it.
    10 Will you go there?
    14 I'll let him know.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    13 Who will buy it?
    9 Will they send it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    11 When will she come?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    1 She'll be there.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    12 I won't tell him!
    7 We'll go there together.
    4 I'll send it to you.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    12 Did you get my message? no
    1 How did you go there? by car
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    13 What did he know? nothing
    3 When did you get up? at six
    16 What did you drink? beer
    8 Did they agree? no
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    14 What did you speak about? you
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    7 We had a good time.
    1 We left home at seven.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    6 We spoke about her.
    9 We got there by car.
    8 They sent it last week.
    3 We met at John's place.

    Exercise 13

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    3 Písal som im. write to
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    6 he, take care of it
    3 they, sit down
    7 they, send it to me
    1 he, call me.
    11 my parents, not, leave
    9 children, not, watch TV
    12 your mum, not, worry
    10 she, not, lose it
    4 John, stay in bed
    5 she, learn it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    8 your father, not, sleep

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    7 I thought so.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    5 We spent the night there.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    10 He took English lessons.
    1 She went there alone.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    6 He kept the money.
    9 I didn't try it.
    8 We didn't go there by car.

    Exercise 16

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    7 in 1308
    4 phone No. 678850777
    5 room No. 1068
    3 on May 13, 2011
    1 in the year 1898
    2 in the 1980s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s

    Exercise 17

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    2
    5
    3
    4
    1

    Exercise 18

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    19 Zabudnime na to.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    6 Kedy volala?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    3 Neboli doma.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.