Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    2 We had no money.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    8 I thought so.
    12 I got no message from him.
    14 We had to stay there.
    5 I was single when we met.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    7 Who told you that?
    9 I saw him this morning.
    18 He broke his arm.
    1 She helped me.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    16 He began to worry.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    5 Our parents not at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    9 There parties every day.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    6 Their dog with them.
    8 My brother not there.
    1 Where you last night?

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.

    Exercise 6

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    14 she, lose, the money.
    3 the children, be, good?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    6 I, think so.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    8 It, be cold?
    10 When, he, call?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    7 we, have to wait.
    2 she, call, you?
    12 Who, give you this?

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • b I told them about it.
    • g It took about three days.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • d No, he had no time.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    9
    1
    11
    6
    10
    8
    5
    3
    4
    7
    2
    12

    Exercise 9

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    5 We visited the city three years .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    8 We met a long time .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    9 How long was it?

    Exercise 10

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    10 Will you go there?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    5 You'll break it.
    11 When will she come?
    12 I won't tell him!
    7 We'll go there together.
    9 Will they send it?
    14 I'll let him know.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    13 Who will buy it?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    1 She'll be there.
    8 He'll give it to her.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    1 How did you go there? by car
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    14 What did you speak about? you
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    8 Did they agree? no
    13 What did he know? nothing
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    16 What did you drink? beer
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    3 When did you get up? at six
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    12 Did you get my message? no
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    3 We met at John's place.
    1 We left home at seven.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    7 We had a good time.
    6 We spoke about her.
    9 We got there by car.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    8 They sent it last week.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.

    Exercise 13

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    3 Písal som im. write to
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    9 children, not, watch TV
    5 she, learn it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    1 he, call me.
    11 my parents, not, leave
    4 John, stay in bed
    2 she, come tomorrow
    6 he, take care of it
    10 she, not, lose it
    3 they, sit down
    7 they, send it to me
    12 your mum, not, worry

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    12 I saw her yesterday.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    1 She went there alone.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    9 I didn't try it.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    10 He took English lessons.
    6 He kept the money.
    5 We spent the night there.
    7 I thought so.

    Exercise 16

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    4 phone No. 678850777
    7 in 1308
    2 in the 1980s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    6 in the early 1950s
    1 in the year 1898
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    5 room No. 1068

    Exercise 17

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    4
    1
    2
    3
    5

    Exercise 18

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    3 Neboli doma.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    6 Kedy volala?

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.