Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    14 We had to stay there.
    1 She helped me.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    7 Who told you that?
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    12 I got no message from him.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    16 He began to worry.
    2 We had no money.
    5 I was single when we met.
    18 He broke his arm.
    8 I thought so.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    6 Their dog with them.
    7 The children very happy.
    9 There parties every day.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    1 Where you last night?
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    8 My brother not there.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    5 Our parents not at home.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • d Nebol som doma.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.

    Exercise 6

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    12 Who, give you this?
    8 It, be cold?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    2 she, call, you?
    7 we, have to wait.
    10 When, he, call?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    3 the children, be, good?
    6 I, think so.
    11 I, tell him about it.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • b I told them about it.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • g It took about three days.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    12
    1
    6
    5
    7
    3
    4
    8
    9
    10
    2
    11

    Exercise 9

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    9 How long was it?
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    8 We met a long time .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.

    Exercise 10

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    7 We'll go there together.
    10 Will you go there?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    5 You'll break it.
    11 When will she come?
    9 Will they send it?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    12 I won't tell him!
    13 Who will buy it?
    14 I'll let him know.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    1 She'll be there.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    1 How did you go there? by car
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    14 What did you speak about? you
    3 When did you get up? at six
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    8 Did they agree? no
    13 What did he know? nothing
    16 What did you drink? beer
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    12 Did you get my message? no
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    7 We had a good time.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    6 We spoke about her.
    9 We got there by car.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    1 We left home at seven.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    3 We met at John's place.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    8 They sent it last week.

    Exercise 13

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    3 Písal som im. write to
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    2 she, come tomorrow
    8 your father, not, sleep
    11 my parents, not, leave
    6 he, take care of it
    10 she, not, lose it
    5 she, learn it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    12 your mum, not, worry
    4 John, stay in bed
    1 he, call me.
    3 they, sit down
    7 they, send it to me

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    10 He took English lessons.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    5 We spent the night there.
    6 He kept the money.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    9 I didn't try it.
    7 I thought so.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    1 She went there alone.

    Exercise 16

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    3 on May 13, 2011
    6 in the early 1950s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    7 in 1308
    1 in the year 1898
    5 room No. 1068
    2 in the 1980s

    Exercise 17

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    5
    2
    4
    3
    1

    Exercise 18

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    6 Kedy volala?
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    3 Neboli doma.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.