Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    5 I was single when we met.
    8 I thought so.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    1 She helped me.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    2 We had no money.
    18 He broke his arm.
    16 He began to worry.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    7 Who told you that?
    14 We had to stay there.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    12 I got no message from him.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    4 you there too? No, I not.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    1 Where you last night?
    3 There no money and she angry.
    6 Their dog with them.
    7 The children very happy.
    9 There parties every day.
    8 My brother not there.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    2 I at work and they at home.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    8 What did you find? - I this.

    Exercise 6

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    6 I, think so.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    2 she, call, you?
    12 Who, give you this?
    10 When, he, call?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    7 we, have to wait.
    3 the children, be, good?
    8 It, be cold?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    11 I, tell him about it.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • g It took about three days.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • b I told them about it.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • e Not bad. And yours?

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    7
    3
    12
    6
    2
    9
    1
    8
    5
    11
    4
    10

    Exercise 9

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    5 We visited the city three years .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    8 We met a long time .
    9 How long was it?
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    10 I'll be back midnight.

    Exercise 10

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    6 Jane will make dinner.
    12 I won't tell him!
    1 She'll be there.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    10 Will you go there?
    14 I'll let him know.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    13 Who will buy it?
    9 Will they send it?
    11 When will she come?
    7 We'll go there together.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    5 You'll break it.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    3 When did you get up? at six
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    13 What did he know? nothing
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    12 Did you get my message? no
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    16 What did you drink? beer
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    8 Did they agree? no
    14 What did you speak about? you
    1 How did you go there? by car
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    1 We left home at seven.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    8 They sent it last week.
    3 We met at John's place.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    9 We got there by car.
    7 We had a good time.
    6 We spoke about her.

    Exercise 13

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    3 Písal som im. write to
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    9 children, not, watch TV
    11 my parents, not, leave
    4 John, stay in bed
    6 he, take care of it
    10 she, not, lose it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    1 he, call me.
    7 they, send it to me
    8 your father, not, sleep
    2 she, come tomorrow
    5 she, learn it
    3 they, sit down

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    9 I didn't try it.
    1 She went there alone.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    5 We spent the night there.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    10 He took English lessons.
    6 He kept the money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    7 I thought so.

    Exercise 16

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    1 in the year 1898
    6 in the early 1950s
    7 in 1308
    2 in the 1980s
    5 room No. 1068
    4 phone No. 678850777
    3 on May 13, 2011
    8 from 1917 to 2016

    Exercise 17

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    2
    1
    5
    3
    4

    Exercise 18

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    1 Poďme peši. walk
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    11 Poslala mi správu.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    3 Neboli doma.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    6 Kedy volala?
    10 Urobil si chybu.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.