Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    12 I got no message from him.
    16 He began to worry.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    8 I thought so.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    5 I was single when we met.
    14 We had to stay there.
    7 Who told you that?
    9 I saw him this morning.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    1 She helped me.
    18 He broke his arm.
    2 We had no money.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    1 Where you last night?
    6 Their dog with them.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    8 My brother not there.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    9 There parties every day.
    7 The children very happy.
    4 you there too? No, I not.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • e Urobil som chybu.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.

    Exercise 6

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    6 I, think so.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    12 Who, give you this?
    3 the children, be, good?
    8 It, be cold?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    2 she, call, you?
    10 When, he, call?
    7 we, have to wait.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • g It took about three days.
    • b I told them about it.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    8
    11
    2
    3
    1
    5
    4
    7
    10
    12
    6
    9

    Exercise 9

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    7 I never go to bed ten.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    9 How long was it?
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    8 We met a long time .

    Exercise 10

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    9 Will they send it?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    11 When will she come?
    7 We'll go there together.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    14 I'll let him know.
    13 Who will buy it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    12 I won't tell him!
    5 You'll break it.
    1 She'll be there.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    10 Will you go there?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    13 What did he know? nothing
    14 What did you speak about? you
    3 When did you get up? at six
    12 Did you get my message? no
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    8 Did they agree? no
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    16 What did you drink? beer
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    1 How did you go there? by car

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    6 We spoke about her.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    1 We left home at seven.
    8 They sent it last week.
    3 We met at John's place.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    9 We got there by car.
    7 We had a good time.

    Exercise 13

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    3 Písal som im. write to
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    4 Počul som o tom. hear

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    2 she, come tomorrow
    3 they, sit down
    11 my parents, not, leave
    6 he, take care of it
    1 he, call me.
    5 she, learn it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    7 they, send it to me
    4 John, stay in bed
    9 children, not, watch TV
    12 your mum, not, worry
    10 she, not, lose it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    1 She went there alone.
    5 We spent the night there.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    9 I didn't try it.
    10 He took English lessons.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    7 I thought so.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    6 He kept the money.

    Exercise 16

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    6 in the early 1950s
    1 in the year 1898
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    4 phone No. 678850777
    3 on May 13, 2011
    7 in 1308
    5 room No. 1068
    2 in the 1980s

    Exercise 17

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    5
    4
    2
    3
    1

    Exercise 18

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    3 Neboli doma.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    6 Kedy volala?
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    1 Bol som tam včera.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.